How Genetics Influence Thyroid Function Your thyroid is a small gland with a powerful role; it controls metabolism , energy, growth, and hormone balance. But did you know your genes can strongly influence how well it works? Thyroid function isn’t just shaped by lifestyle and environment; genetics can play a significant part in how your thyroid performs, and in your risk of developing thyroid disorders. The thyroid gland is regulated by a delicate system involving the brain, pituitary gland, and hormones like thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). When genetic variations affect how these signals are processed, the thyroid can become underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism). Some people inherit gene mutations that make them more vulnerable to autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease. Research shows that thyroid problems often run in families. For example, if your parent or sibling has a thyroid disorder, your risk is high...